Third assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Third assignment - Essay ExampleHe does this through combining discussions of imitator behavior, ethnographies, cognitive studies, mental research, hormonal and neurological studies. He clearly points out the difference between sexual love and nurturing love. To him these ii reach different ontogenyary origins and creates opposite psychological demands. To Goldschmidt, affect hunger is a biological instrument for cultivation affection, for instance he explains that affect hunger make infants to comply with orders from their guardians so as to be taught their language and regulations. Goldschmidt goes ahead and states that much as affect hunger provides an incentive scheme for language learning and other institutions of culture it is a motivation for societal manners all through life of a human being in the society. Goldschmidt,( 200613), Abraham Maslow selected love and liking and belongingness desires less important hardly than continued existence and physiological requirements . With the entailment of support to human endurance and wellbeing, Goldschmidt poses an argument that evolutionary push on human being is not genuine cutthroat but human child need to encourage their mothers to care for them. According to research it is revealed that affect for hunger is evident in infants especially when infants have a bun in the oven bodily contact and proximity to their mothers affects their sleep patterns and even in regulating their bodies through protection. Due to the need for contact human infants have sociophilic qualities that appear to have no other function but to encourage, make possible and reward social interaction such as laughing, smiling, imitating and facial expressions. Goldschmidt,(2005,29)these traits can be traced posterior to the neonatal trick and keep mothers attention to their infants. Goldschmidt provides a perfect weighted knowledge to understanding of the origins and importance of affect in human beings. For instance the taper on t he mother-child links as the origin of human being socially, apart from social interactions among grownups. This is the most interesting suggestions that Goldschmidt. More often than not evolution significance of social behaviors is premise on mating activities. This appears much less plausible since the two bonding between the male and the female is much less snappy compared to the mother-infant bonding. Bonding pair in human beings is universal. For instance, it must be contended with the painful evidence experiences that human are not the best at making two bonding, Goldschmidt,( 2006123). And that male does not stick around to assist in raising their young ones. He further outlines the cultural variations in child upbringing, processes of learning and evolution of culture. Goldschmidt discusses on affect of hunger and its significance on an account of evolution and the increase of altruism and social among others. To him pressures of natural selection can be sociable to a par ticular gene only if the gene displays an attribute that makes ones relatives more certain to exist since that relative has the tendency to carry several of the particular one gene. From this we suppose there is a mean selective way to altruism and this is an advantage simply because it creates that genes more likely to hold water in those assist to survive even if their replica in our bodies reduce.. I this case therefore to ones advantage to be selfish on altruism.

Key Terms Essay Example for Free

Key Terms EssayACEs an entry in an objects acl that grants permissions toa user or assort ACL A collection of access control entries that defines the access that all users and groups have to an object ATA A disk interface that uses parallel communications to connect three-fold hard drives to a computer Authorization The process of making sure someone is who they say they are Basic Disk The de time out disk type, it cease have up to four partitions, three primary and one extended Direct-attached Storage a computer whith hard drives stored in it Disk Duplexing Method of switch tolerance, duplicate information is stored on two disks in seperate host adapters Disk Mirroring Method of fault tolerance, duplicate data is stored on two seperate disks DiskPart. exe Command office method to do all your disk related deedsDynamic Disk Alternative to basic disk, able to have an unlimited number of volumes telling permissions A combination of all the permissions from various sources External Drive Array Hard disks attached to a computer through a network mass medium File System A part of the OS for storing and organizing files Folder redirection A useful feature that lets users save thier files to a network location LUNs An identifier assigned to a specific component within a SCSI device which enables the SCSI host adapter to send commands to that component.NAS A dedicated file server that is affiliated to a network and provides users with file based storage Offline Files Lets people keep copies of files on their machines so that if the server goes down they can still work separate Style The ways disks are organized in windows RAID Multiple disks working together as pals to do great things such as fault tolerance or increases to read/write speeds SID Every active directory object gets one of these, kinda like a social security number protection Principal Whoever is an administrator assigns permissions to SATA Newer version of ATA that use rs serial communications Shadow Copies Makes copies of a file that users can use to restore to vaious times SCSI Lets computers transfer data to multiple storage devices Standard Permissions The common special permissions SAN A dedicated high speed network wevice that connects storage devices to servers.

Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon Essay Example for Free

Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon EssayIt is an unquestionable f typify that the world of communication has immeasurable changed since Kenneth dispatch first positive his theories and philosophies on this topic in the first half of the 20th century. Nevertheless, polish off-keys views and thoughts set up still be integrated with the theory of cinema as well as face-to-face communication and other forms of literature and art. Thus, as one critic once said, perhaps Burke will not be remembered so much for what he said but how others took his ideas and brought them forward into other realms of communication. In the 1920s, Burke began writing for the literary magazine The Dial, which included renderings of modernist art and his debates with individuals such(prenominal) as Malcolm Cowley on Dadaism and the Surrealists. His work the Symbolic marks an of the essence(p) time in his thinking when he advocated art for arts sake or the doctrine that aesthetic values are all overly separa te from political, religious, or economic ones. Burkes earliest essays dealt with the formal aspects of imagery and the rhythms of language. He believed that universe was a construction of our interpretation of the emblems around us.Much of what we mean by reality has been built up for us through nothing but our symbol systems . . . Take away our concurs and what little do we know about history, biography, even something so down to earth as the relative position of the seas and continents. What is our reality for immediately but all this clutter of symbols about the past combined with whatever things we know mainly through maps, magazine, newspapers and the like about the presentAnd however important to us is the tiny sliver of reality each of us has experienced firsthand, the whole overall picture is but a construct of our symbol systems. (1966, p. 5)Thus, spoken communication are symbols, or utterances, produced by humans, alone, to signify those things that they represent. D espite the fact if they are written or verbal, sacred scriptures are a deliberate act for the verbalized purpose of expression. A house can be described word-by-word without showing what the house actually looks like. However, because words are symbols, they can never be what they represent. The word house will not be a house. Words are heuristic and can be identified and understood by the persons own mind and meaning.When a word is identifiable it becomes a representation of what it depicts. Dictionaries can help, but they alter meaning with those who read them. According to Burke, words require an unusual power. As for the relation between identification and persuasion we might well keep it in mind that a speaker persuades an audience by the use of stylistic identifications his act of persuasion may be for the purpose of causing the audience to identify itself with the speakers interests and the draws on identification of interests to hold a rapport between himself and his aud ience. (1966, p. 301-302)Burke was thus instrumental in advancing the whole understanding of rhetoric, with such aspects of his analysis as the pentad of drama, the determination of identification, and the ratios or relationships among critical components. His pentad was comprised of the act (what occurs by the delivery of the rhetorical piece), the scene (the situational setup or the context of the discourse), the agent (the person being asked to complete the action), the agency (the tools used to complete the action), and the purpose (the goal of the action).If one analyzes the components of the pentad and their relationships to each other, Burke believed, one would be able to discern the motives underpinning that rhetorical act But we must acknowledge that photographs and, even more so, film are much more complex. When someone sees a visual representation, it can mean incalculable of ideas, emotions at once. This visual representation mimics, in fact the viewers own perception of life and allows them a greater depth of understanding, or at the very least a sense of understanding, into the subject.In the 1940s, Burke expanded his interest in the visual culture and the function of art, film and television. He a lot used visual metaphors to explain key concepts, such as identification, representative anecdotes, the pentad, and terministic screens. In his introduction to A Grammar of Motives, Burke covered his theory of the pentad in relationship to a Museum of Modern Art in New York photographic exhibit with photos of war ships and an aerial photograph of two launches, proceeding side by side on a tranquil sea. Their wakes crossed and recrossed each other in an almost infinite variety of lines.Yet despite the intricateness of the tracery, the picture gave an embossment of great simplicity, because one could quickly perceive the generating principle of its design. Such, ideally, is the case with our pentad of terms, used as generating principle. It should p rovide us with a kind of simplicity that can be developed into considerable complexity, and yet can be discovered beneath its elaborations. (1945, xvi) As noted in War and Cultural Life (1942), he was emotionally impacted by the photos and affirmed that one gets a very fast(a) feeling that the war, vast as it is, is part of a still vaster configuration. (p. 409). Burke felt that the photos call(ed) forth a certain philosophic or meditative attitude toward the war quite as it also gives nourishment to a strong sense of our national power (p. 408). He was so taken, in fact, by the photos that he noted it would be a very good service twain to the strength of our patriotism and to its quality if this exhibit could be shown throughout the United States. (p. 408) In the Therministic Screen Rhetorical Perspectives on Film (2001), David Blakesely relied on Burkes communication theory to look at cinema and the concept of the theory of film.Given all the theories that exist about film, Bla kesely notes that there need not be one theory to be elevated to disciplinary reverence, but rather the question is how best to use the terministic resources theory make available (pg. 2). The title of the book comes from Burkes phrase terministic screen in Language and Symbolic Action (1966), where his main assertion is that not only does the nature of our terms profess the nature of our observations, in the sense that the terms direct the attention to one field rather than to another.Also, many of the observations are but implications of the particular terminology in terms of which the observations are made (pg. 46). In other words, as extrapolated from Burke, film rhetoric, or the visual and verbal symbols that weave film experience, directs the viewers attention in unlimited ways, but always towards the goal of fostering identification and the complexity that involves.Similarly, film theory, says Blakesley, which is the lens through which and with which one generates perspectiv e on film as art and rhetoric, acts as a terministic screen that filters what does and does not constitute and legitimize interpretation and, thus, meaning (pg. 3). In his essay about Burke (2001), Andrew King emphasizes that Burkes theories and assertions were not about ideology or political systems but about the over-rhetoricized world. He insists that according to Burke, even with the invention of writing, humans entered the world of realistic reality and building symbol systems.And, ever since, mankind has been piling symbol upon symbol and setting system over and against system. Simultaneously, with this ever-advanced technology, humans are cutting themselves off further and further from nature and the consequences of their actions. Technology delays the consequences of our assaults on our nature and symbolic systems mask our failures until it is too late. Nature is recalcitrant and it will have its revenge, but not until it is too late for us to repair the results. (para. 17 )

Corruption in Judicial Systems Essay Example for Free

Corruption in Judicial Systems EssayCorruption in judicial systems is threatening the protection of human rights, a fall in Nations independent expert said, urging governments to implement policies to strengthen the rule of law to armed combat this practice.The pervasiveness of degeneration in the judiciary and the legal profession, whether one off or endemic, is very worrying because it directly undermines the rule of law and the ability of the judiciary to guarantee the protection of human rights, the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers, Gabriela Knaul, told the everyday Assembly while presenting it with her latest annual spread abroad. A judiciary that is not independent can easily be corrupted or co-opted by interests early(a) than those of applying the law in a fair and impartial manner, she said. Strengthening the judiciary from within, as well as providing all the safeguards for its independence vis--vis other public officials and reclusive actors, is essential in combating and preventing instances of judicial corruption.Ms. Knaul noted that corruption in the judiciary has the potential to victimize those that do not have the means to play by the at large(p) rules set by a corrupt system.Corruption in the judiciary discourages people from resorting to the formal justice system, thereby diverting dispute settlements towards informal systems that more than often do not abide by the basic principles of impartiality, fairness, non-discrimination and due process, she said.Mechanisms of accountability, the Special Rapporteur underlined, should be put in place to investigate acts of corruption and they should be developed with the full participation of the actors concerned.I strongly believe that the existing international principles and standards on human rights and corruption provide adequate focus on how to tackle judicial corruption while respecting the independence of the justice system and human rights, she said.Ms. K naul also emphasized that judges, prosecutors and lawyers are in a eccentric position to tackle the wider phenomenon of corruption in other instances of the public and private sectors, and that anti-corruption bodies should be established or developed to effectively assist judicial actors to combat corruption and to implement and strengthen transparency within the public sector.Independent experts, or special rapporteurs, are appointed by the Geneva-based UN Human Rights Council to examine and report back, in an unpaid capacity, on specific human rights themes.

History Of Aviation Terrorism History Essay

History Of Aviation Terrorism History EssayThe act of terrorism is not a peeled concept. The use of this part of asymmetrical warf are has been used since the beginning of recorded time. The United States Department of Defense defines terrorism as the calculated use of illegal violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological. Just as terrorism itself is not a new concept, using aviation as a tool of terrorism is not new either. The use of aviation as this tool began in 1931, when Peruvian Revolutionaries tried to force a pilot to fly where he was ordered. This event happened 17 years later the first commercial flight. There have been hundreds of these types of acts since and to this day aviation is cosmos used as a tool of terror. Searching with the annals of the history of aviation terrorism history on that point were three majo r(ip) events where terrorist assemblys tried to pursue their political, religious, and ideological goals against the citizens of the United States.On June 14, 1985, cardinal sound dressed Shiite Muslims bestrideed TWA flight 847 in A whences, Greece, en route to Leonardo Da Vinci Airport in Rome. Unbeknownst to security and the aircraft crew the cardinal passengers smuggled cardinal hand grenades and a 9-mm handgun onto the aircraft. public life 847 hand 153 passengers and crew on board, out of which, 120 were American. Approximately 20 minutes after takeoff, the two terrorists blush wine from the rear of the aircraft and ran dispirited the aisle screaming their demands. At the top of the list, was diverting the aircraft to Beirut, Lebanon. With a gun in the face of the pilot he complied and the plane was diverted. They then moved all of the male passengers to the window seats where they were threatened and beaten upon. Passengers were forced to keep their heads among thei r knees and ordered not to look at the terrorists. later on the terrorists had taken control of the situation they ordered ex-German national to collect passports and identification from all of the passengers. While sorting through the passengers identification one of the terrorists noticed two US Navy military identification cards. After being denied landing in Beirut, twice, the terrorists saw the Navy personnel as a way to persuade the drop anchor tower to change their minds. The terrorists brought one of the military members into the first class section of the aircraft and began beating him with an armrest taken from one of the seats. Given the situation onboard flight 847 ground authorities finally gave the pilot permission to land. While on the ground the terrorists negotiated an exchange of passengers for fuel. A total of 17 women and two children were allowed to leave the aircraft in the exchange.To deflect the build-up of US military forces the aircraft was flown clog up and forth from Beirut to Algiers. In exchange for each landing the terrorists would allow hostages to be released from the aircraft. During the second stop in Beirut, the terrorist precious to show how serious they were. They opened the door of the aircraft, put a gun to the head of Robert Stetham, the US Navy diver pulled the trigger, and pushed his lifeless body onto the tarmac. Later that night the terrorists demanded that the airport lights to be turned off. During this time, several more terrorists boarded the aircraft. They took all of the populate with Jewish sounding names and drove them to a different location where they were held hostage.Finally, on June 30, 1985 day 17 of the hostage crisis, the watch hostages were released. In exchange for the release of the release of the hostages, the terrorists demanded the immediate withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon, the release of Lebanese Shiites from Israeli prisons, and the comment of the actions of the US and Israel i forces in the pump East. The Jewish passengers that were taken off the aircraft and held by Islamic Jihad were rescued by Delta Forces. After several threats, the hijackers freed the remaining hostages, blew up the aircraft and fled into the Shiite neighborhoods (AVSTOP, 2010).TWA flight 847 is a textbook example of the use of aviation as a terrorist tool. This type of asymmetrical warfare pitted this small group against larger entities such as the United States and Israel. A TWA aircraft was picked because it was successful American air carrier. For 17 days this group had media outlets from all over the world at their fingertips. Politically the terrorists achieved their goals. Israel released Lebanese prisoners. They later stated that the release of the prisoners was unrelated to the terrorist activities.PAN AM FLIGHT 103 OVER LOCKERBIE SCOTLANDFour days in the beginning Christmas in 1988, 258 passengers boarded move Am Flight 103 in London, England headed for New York City. A fter only 38 minutes of flight time the aircraft exploded over the skies of Lockerbie, Scotland. When the aircraft exploded it left a debris field of over 2,000 square kilometers and killed 11 mountain on the ground.Initially investigators thought the crash was due to structural failure. Three days after the crash on Christmas Eve, while looking at pieces of the wreckage noticed that the seat rails had signs of explosive residue on them. Now the investigation could turn from inadvertent causes to a terrorist plot. The Lockerbie investigation was the largest murder inquiry in British history, involving local police, Scotland Yard, the FBI and a host of other agencies from around the world (National Geographic, 2008, para. 8). currently after conclusion the seat rails they found the suitcase which housed the explosive device. This was a huge turn in the investigation. This type of Samsonite luggage was only sold in the Middle East. In the suit case were a few articles of clothing that were only sold in a small retail store in Malta Spain. The national Bureau of Investigators interviewed the shop owner and found out that it was a Libyan man who had bought the clothing. With these clues and a few other tips investigators were able to pinpoint Abdel Baset Ali Mohamed al-Megrahi and Al-Amin Khalifa Fhimah as being the terrorist who checked a bag on Pan Am Flight 103 and walked away.In the year 2000, the trial of Abdel Baset Ali Mohamed al-Megrahi and Al-Amin Khalifa Fhimah took place in the Netherlands. In total there were 230 witnesses and 85 days of evidence covering 10,000 pages of transcript (National Geographic, 2008, para 12). In January 2001 a decision was reached under Scottish Law Abdel baset ali Mohmed al-Megrahi was jailed for life in January 2001, while his alleged accomplice, Al Amin Khalifa Fhimah, was found not guilty (National Geographic, 2008, para 12).At the time of the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, this was the aroun d significant aviation terrorist attack committed against the United States. Out of the 259 people onboard the aircraft 179 were American. This attack showed that Americans were vulnerable anytime and anywhere. Abdel baset ali Mohmed al-Megrahi used this form of asymmetrical warfare to bring down Pan Am, a huge symbol of the American capitalist society.SEPTEMBER 11, 2001To date the events of September 11, 2001 were the deadliest attacks ever committed by a foreign competitor on American soil. 19 Al Qaeda terrorists accomplished more death and destruction than the Japanese Navy during their attacks on Pearl Harbor. More than 2,600 people died at the World Trade Center 125 died at the Pentagon 256 died on the four planes (9/11 Commission Report, 2004, p.1). This coordinated attack by 19 terrorists targeted major landmarks on American soil. Their objective was not only to kill innocent people it was also put in place to hinder the economy, impair the national government and strike fe ar with the American public. On that day two planes brought down the World Trade Centers, one crashed into the Pentagon, and one attack was foiled before the aircraft could reach the Capital construct.WORLD TRADE CENTERWhen the World Trade Center was completed in 1971, they were the two tallest buildings in the world, both standing cx stories high above the New York skyline. Nearly a quarter of a million people passed through the doors of the two buildings every day. These buildings were a symbol of the immense American economy and that is why they were chosen by the Al Qaeda terrorist groupFLIGHTS 11 and 175On the morning of September 11, 2001 Mohamed Atta, a US trained pilot, and four other accomplices boarded American Airlines Flight 11 from Boston to Los Angeles. Fifteen minutes into the flight the tailfin men overpowered the crew and breached the flight ornament of the aircraft. The trained pilot, Mohamed Atta, took controls of the aircraft and turned off the transponder s o it would be difficult for air traffic controllers to spot the aircraft. He also directed the passengers that the aircraft was returning the aircraft to the airport and to stay calm. He then redirected the aircraft south and headed for New York City. During this time Betty Ong, an American Airlines flight attendant, called American Airlines headquarters to tell them the flight had been hijacked. At 846 am Atta, deliberately flew the American Airlines 767 aircraft into the North Tower of the World Trade Center. The aircraft traveling at over 450 miles per hour and carrying more than 10,000 gallons of fuel penetrated the building between the 93rd and 99th floors pin down everyone above those levels. This was only the first level of the this collaborated attack on the United StatesUnited Airlines Flight 175 had many of the same characteristics as American Airlines Flight 11. They both departed Boston headed for Los Angeles. Both flights had five Al Qaeda associated terrorists aboard. Most of all, they had the same destructive plans. They wanted to bring Jihad to the Americans. At 903 am nearly twenty minutes after the first tower was struck tower two of the World Trade Center was struck between the 77th and the 85th floor. The Boeing 767 was traveling at over 500 miles per hour and carrying over 10,000 pounds of fuel. Most of the people above the 77th floor were trapped. Tower two was the first of the two to collapse. It fell 56 minutes after the initial impact of flight 175.PENTAGON AND AMERICAN AIRLINES FLIGHT 77The Pentagon is a one of a kind building that symbolizes the strength of the United States Military. Situated in Arlington Virginia, this building houses the department heads of all of each military department. Al Qaeda terrorists damaged one of the worlds most unshakable buildings through the use of asymmetrical warfare. On this day Al Qaeda proved to the world that they could brutally wound the worlds strongest military.American Airlines flight 77 from cap D.C. to Los Angeles was taken over in the same manner as the previous two that crashed into the World Trade Center buildings. Just as the other two, five men boarded the flight and overpowered the crew with box knifes and small pocket knives. One trained pilot entered the flight deck turned off the transponder and redirected the aircraft to their intended target. At 937 am the American Airlines 757 loaded to fuel capacity slammed into the west side of the Pentagon building, killing 125 on the ground and 59 people on the aircraft, excluding the terrorists.UNITED AIRLINES FLIGHT 93United Flight 93 took off from New Jersey headed for San Francisco. The crew members or the thirty-two passengers on board had not heard that any commercial aircraft had been hijacked earlier in the morning. The flight was taken over just as the other three about 40 minutes after takeoff. As the terrorists redirected the plane the passengers made phone calls from cell and passenger phones. The pass engers found out that three other times the same type of hijacking had happened and concluded that the hijackers of their plane had similar intentions. Some of the passengers decided that they would not allow this to happen. They waited until the aircraft was over a rural area and stormed the flight deck and overpowered the terrorists. Shortly afterwards, the airliner crashed into an empty field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania killing all on board. The passengers of United Flight 93 sacrificed their lives but saved the lives of many through their undismayed actions.CONCLUSIONThe hijacking of TWA Flight 847, the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, and the events of September 11, 2001 are three great examples of terrorist groups using aviation as a tool of terrorism. These terror groups fully accomplished their political, religious, and ideological goals through this type of asymmetrical warfare. Not only were their goals accomplished the lives of the United States citizen has forever changed .Until the past fit of decades we as citizens have been shielded from acts of terrorism. Now with the use of aviation as tool of terrorism, the American public can be touched at anytime and anywhere in the world. The United States is forced to become more proactive instead of reactive to the threat of terror. The government can no longer sit back and implement rules after an event of terrorism takes place.

Causes and Prevention of Food Safety Hazards

Causes and Prevention of nutrition Safety HazardsTable of contentsSynopsisThis project defines the concept of feed safety hazards in contrast to bodily hazards of food. What argon physical hazards? How they good deal be prevented? And how they sight be sight and eliminated is defined in this project.Hazards of foodFood hazards are the physical, chemical and biological agents in the food or the condition of food with the probability to harm when eaten or to sheath an adverse health effect.Food hazards can be classified as biological hazards such as microorganisms, chemical hazards such as pesticides, chemical, cleaning agents or allergens and physical hazards are those hazards which are not supposed to, nor likely to be in the food like wood, glass, bones grit or dust.Chemical hazardsThese hazards are ca apply by following waysBy naturally occurring poisonous chemicals such as by poison plants like rhubarb leaves and mushrooms or poisonous animals like puffer fish, mould tox ins or algal blooms, etc.Chemicals which are added in water.Chemicals used in agriculture such as pesticides, antibiotics, dips and heavy alloys.Poisonous diseases spread by animals or plants.Chemicals like additives or cleaners which are added during food processing. some(prenominal) people have allergic chemical reactions from certain foods like milk and its products, peanuts, crustaceans or gluten contained cereals.These type of hazards can be restrainerled by purchasing food stuffs from an approved supplier, protect the food from contamination, maintain safe cleaning procedures or applying standardize strategies to prevent cross contamination of food.(University, 2014)Biochemical hazardsThese hazards are born in the food itself and cause the most food borne illness. They can occur by various sources. These microorganisms are familiarly called as germs and are only be seen under a microscope. basically not all the microorganisms are harmful but microorganisms like pathogens a re harmful in food when they reach to a high level. Some of them areViruses like influenza or hepatitis A.Bacteria like salmonella, bacillus cereus, and staphylococcus aureus.MouldsProtozoa like GuardiaYeastThe term food poisoning is caused by these pathogens that are growing in food results in illness. These microorganisms multiply to an infectious level which tends to make a psyche ill when food is kept in dampish or warm conditions.Due to continuous growth of these microorganisms to dangerous intensities, mostly bacteria, food poisoning tend to arise.to avoid these food borne illness, food handlers must admit the conditions of food poisoning bacteria and their characteristics. (University, 2014)Physical HazardsA physical hazard is any(prenominal) foreign object accidently gets into the food and causes injury or illness to the person eating food. Physical hazards includes foreign objects like bone or bone chips, pieces of product packaging, insects, wood, metal, stones, glass, personal items etc. Contaminants from sources includes raw materials, improper aliment of equipment and facilities, improper drudgery procedures and poor employee practices. A physical hazard can enter a food product at any stage of production. It contains sharp and hard objects that can cause a potential threat to a person who is eating. Physical hazard can cause injury to a person such asit can cuts to the mouth or gullet,can damage the intestinecan also damage to the gums and teethSome common physical hazardsGlass common sources from glass containers or glass food containers, or set in motion in food processing facility are light bulbs or tubes.Metal Sources of metal includes metal from equipment such as blades, broken needles, staples, and fragments from utensils.Plastics packaging material used, gloves worn by food handling people, cleaning equipment, fragments of plastic tools.Stones crop fields, picked up stones by certain vegetables during harvesting. Worn concrete struct ures in food processing industries.Wood sources of wood comes from commonly like wood structures and wooden pallets used in cargo ships of food or food products.Classification of physical hazardsCanadian Food Inspection Agency (CIFA) defines the physical hazards into three classes depending on their possibility and sternness of their reactionCategory I (high likelihood)Category II (moderate likelihood)Category III (low risk)The organization additionally rates the probability of event dependent upon the level of control that a food processor need to kill the riskLow Risk Great control measures secured, however minor infractions happen.Medium Hazard Some control measures created, yet crevices then again inconsistencies happen.High Risk Practically zero control built.Every food has its own potential threats or hazards and evaluation of these helps in determining the risk category for likely physical hazard,Preventive measures for common physical hazardsInspect basic materials and food components for field contaminants (ex stones in oats) that were not found during the course of the initial starting process.Follow decent storing practices and assess potential dangers away zones (ex sources of brittle glass, for example, light bulbs, staples from containers, and so on.) and use defensive acrylic bulbs or light blankets.Develop details and controls for all elements and parts, including crude materials and bundle materials. Details or specifications ought to hold gauges for assessing adequacy of ingredients or packaging materials (ex reused cardboard utilized for bundling once in a while holds hints of metals that could be identified by metal detectors. A limit for metal identification established to be secured to outfox false positive detection of metal in food products).Set up a practicable detection and removal system for physical threats in the facility (ex metal locators or magnets to identify metal sections in the formation line, channels or screens to evacua te remote items.The worn out equipment must be properly or regularly maintained to avoid physical hazards.Employee training must happen time to time on shipping, storing, handling and receiving equipment to prevent physical hazards from being into the food.Sanitize and clean tools and utensils or equipment after each use.Sanitize blades of can openers after use to make sure that metal shavings do not hoard.Use only viable ice scoops when getting ice from an ice machine.Detection and elimination of physical hazardsMetal detectors will help to detect any metal content in food product. They should set up in food production line to reject products in which metal is detected. Proper maintenance should be done to this equipment to ensure they are working in an accurate manner.Magnets can be used along with metal detectors on food prevarication lines to get rid of metal from products.X-Ray machines can be used on food to identify threats such as bones, stones, metals and also hard plastic s.Food radar method transmit low-power microwaves through food stuffs to recognize outside constituents , for example, metals, plastics, bones, bits and natural materials in food on processing line.Main Materials of Concern as Physical Hazards and CommonSources(University, 2014)ConclusionFood safety hazards are of three types, mainly chemical, biological and physical hazards. In which, Physical hazards are those foreign materials that are not supposed to go into food products, for example stones, wood, metal, plastic etc. Physical hazards can cause much severe risk as they can damage, cuts and can cause serious harm to ones health. They can be prevented by means of methods such as proper care in food processing industries in handling food, proper maintenance of equipment and utensils, sanitization of different utensils and machinery or equipment used in food processing. Physical hazards can be detected and eliminated by means of modern detectors such as Metal detectors, X-ray machin e, magnets etc.List of referencesUniversity, C. 2014. HSC Online Implement food safety procedures. online Available at http//hsc.csu.edu.au/ cordial reception/hosp_240/food_bev/SITXFSA001A/4124/hazards.htm Accessed 7 Mar 2014.

Stress Reduction: Meditation, Medication, And Relaxation

Stress Reduction Meditation, Medication, And RelaxationThis research highlights the effects of tenseness at reverse place, and on personal healthy. There are ternion indicators for stress they are emotional, and somatogenic. Stress in general is not hazardous, but if it continues for a long clipping it become chronic, and may affect persons life. Therefore I am going to present three ship toiletteal to cope with stress they are medication, meditation, and unlooseation. Meditation and balance are two safe ways different medication which contain some kind of drugs and it have m wholly side effects. Finally I will give some hints to reduce stress at work socially.Stress isnt illness but theres quite a bit of evidence that it increases the risk of high blood pressure, philia disease, and mental health problems. So people can become ill because of chronic stress (Barber, 2008).Stress horm mavins constrict blood vessels, speed up the heartbeat, and make the heart and blood vess els especially reactive to further stress.(Harvard letter) -(www.health.harvard.edu).Work is the most weighty factor in peoples life, it affects on their whole life. In work place, every employer or employee try to do the best, therefore employers tend to challenge for each one other which can be a source of stress. This source is known as the interaction between individuals and all source of demand (stressor). (Bonita, 1995).The United Nations World Labor Report attributes the source of stress to work places that can increase stress levels and they are long work hours role conflict physical hazard exposures and interpersonal conflicts with coworkers or supervisors. (Bonita, 1995).Consequently stress causes healthy problems and social conflicts. Therefore medication, meditation, peace of mind, and job management are powerful ways to over come stress.Signs and symptomsThey are divided into two categories emotional, and physical.EmotionalFeeling irritable, feeling frustrated at ha ving to wait for something, feeling restless, unable to concentrate, Becoming soft confused, Having memory problems, Thinking close to negative things all the time, Negative self-talk, Having marked mood swings, Eating too much, Eating when you are not hungry, Finding it troublesome to concentrate, Not having enough energy to deal things done, Feeling you cant cope, Finding it hard to make decisions, Having emotional outbursts, Generally feeling upset, and Lack of sense of humor.( www.changingminds.org) fleshlyMuscle tension, low back pain, pains in shoulders or neck, pains in thorax, stomach/abdominal pain, muscle spasms or nervous tics, unexplained rashes or skin irritations, Pounding or racing heart, sweaty palms, sweating when not physically active, Butterflies in stomach, indigestion and the gurgles, diarrhea, unable to sleep or excessive sleep, shortness of breath, and retentiveness breath. (www.changingminds.org)MedicationBefore beginning with types of medicines, brain i s related or affected by hormones and these hormones are responsible for feeling and behavior. There are as umpteen as systems that control function of the body and the brain, they are affected by many factors, especially stress. Medicines balance the release of hormones, which decrease stress.There is no one specific family of medicines that is used to decrease stress. Physicians prescribe a range of medications to set specific stress-related symptoms. For example, Sedatives and Antidepressants they use to assistant people to cope with stress. The role of Sedatives is to decrease the application of the central nervous system, which makes persons feel more relaxed. This family contains the following types of medicines Benzodiazepines which include alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), triazolam (Halcion), temazepam (Restoril), and chlordiazepoxide (Librium). These medicines acts on a course occurring neurotransmitter substance in the br ain called GABA whose role is to slow down the activity of the brain. The side effect of these medicines in a higher dose can cause slurred speech, an impaired ability to walk around, poor judgment, and slowed reflexes. (www.mhmrtc.org)Antidepressant, their use is to treat depression. However they are used also used to treat stress symptoms. The family name of these medications is called selective serotonin reup interpret inhibitors (SSRIs) they contain medicines such as Paxil, Prozac, and Lexapro. They directly affect on the primary cells in the brain whos called Neurons, they are connected to each other by a chemical messengers known as a neurotransmitters. The process of communication releases a neurotransmitter chemical into a space between neurons known as the synapse, where it makes contact with a receiving neuron and stimulates that neuron into action. Having completed its communication job, the Serotonin gets sucked back up by the sending neuron in a process called reuptake . When reuptake happens too quickly or efficiently the net effect is that not enough Serotonin is present to properly do its job, and mood regulation problems can result. They can cause nausea, dizziness, dry mouth, sleep disturbances, and a wide range of sexual arousal and climax problems as side effects.(www.mhmrtc.org)MeditationMeditation is an important example for relief of stress, and it had been used from hundred years ago. It is an effective way to cope with stress without taking medicine, and it is known as a self helping process. The example that I took is Yoga.Yoga is one of the oldest systems of health. The practice of Yoga is to normalize the production of thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland is the master regular of all other glands, and as the glands are connected with stress and emotion the ability to increase or decrease thyroid activity can be an important self-help process. There have been more than a thousand studies since 1970s for Yoga. The studies have demonstra ted that Yoga can bring that about stress and anxiety alleviation, blood and heart rate reduction, improved memory and intelligence, pain alleviation, and many other benefits.RelaxationStress management begins with identifying sources of stress. To identify your source of stress look at you habits, and your attitude. search to answer these questionsWhat caused your stress- how you felt physically and emotionally- how do you act in response- what you did to make yourself feel better.Your goal is to change the situation or to change your reaction. If you cant avoid a stressful situation, then try to face it. Express your feeling instead of bottling them up. Be willing to compromise, be more assertive, and manage your time better.These are healthy ways to relief form stressGo for a walk, spend time in nature, call a good friend, take a long bath, listen to music, and you can watch a comedy film. For deep explanation, you should set aside relaxation time. This time you should set alone without any interruption from others, its your time to take a beak from every thing dont remember any thing about the past nor things about your future. Second helpful thing that you should make connection with friends spend time with good friends that may help you to over come your conflicts. Eating healthy nutriment may also help, you can also avoid caffeine and sugar because they increase energy and affects you mood cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs they relief you for a while, but the relief is not permanent. Do try to escape from your problems by these kinds of things, solve your problems with a clear mind. And finally sleeping probably, and getting enough time for sleep helps your mind to relax and recharge, because the more you are tired the more stress you will have. (www.helpguide.org)Stress management at workWork is the most important factor in peoples life and it affects on their whole life, so every one try to do the best, employers tend to challenge each other which can be a source of stress. The United Nations World Labor Report writes about the factors that may increase stress level and they are long work hours, role conflict, physical hazard exposures and interpersonal conflicts with coworkers or supervisors.So the first thing you do is the job control. You are faced as many as status in your work place, bad dealing with employers, coworkers, and customers means bad situations which makes the feeling of stress more and more, so you must have the control on every wholeness thing in your job. Their some strategies may help you to reduce work related stress given by Lazarus 1991 they areFirst thing is to bowdlerize the work conditions so that they are less stressful or more conducive to effective coping. This strategy is most appropriate for large numbers of workers working under severe conditions. Examples include altering physical annoyances such as noise levels, or changing organizational decision-making processes to include employees.Second step is to help individuals adapt by teaching them better coping strategies for conditions that are impossible or difficult to change. A limitation to this strategy is that it is costly to deal with each individuals unique transaction with the environment. Intervention strategies could include individual counseling services for employees, Employee Assistance Programs, or specialized stress management programs, such as cognitive behavioral interventions.The third step is to identify the stressful relationship between the individual or group and the work setting. Intervention strategies might include changes in worker assignment to produce a better person-environment fit, or it could involve teaching coping strategies for individuals who share common coping deficits. (e.g., training in relaxation skills). (www.ericdigests.org)Deep breathing for stress reliefSit comfortably with your back straight. Sit comfortably with your back straight. Put one hand on your chest and the other on you r stomach. Breathe in by your nose. The hand on your stomach should rise. The hand on your chest should move very little. Exhale through your mouth, pushing out as much air as you can while contracting your abdominal muscles. The hand on your stomach should move in as you exhale, but your other hand should move very little. Continue to breathe in through your nose and out through your mouth. Try to prompt enough so that your lower abdomen rises and falls. Count slowly as you exhale.Muscle relaxation for stress reliefLoosen your clothing, take off your shoes, and get comfortable. prevail a few minutes to relax, breathing in and out in slow, deep breaths. When youre relaxed and ready to start, shift your attention to your right foot. Take a moment to focus on the way it feels. Slowly tense the muscles in your right foot, squeezing as tightly as you can. Hold for a count of 10. Relax your right foot. Focus on the tension flowing away and the way your foot feels as it becomes limp an d loose. Stay in this relaxed order for a moment, breathing deeply and slowly. When youre ready, shift your attention to your left foot. Follow the same sequence of muscle tension and release. Move slowly up through your body-legs, abdomen, back, neck, face. (www.helpguide.org)ConclusionDepending on the research first stress is not hazardous but it is in chronic stress. There are many ways to over come or to cope with stress. Self helping is the most important way to deal with stress. Also dealing with stressors at work place, and practicing relaxation technique is an important factor to decrease stress level, unlike taking medicines which have many side effects on body.